As a dog owner, it’s super important to understand the different stages of your female dog’s reproductive cycle, commonly referred to as the “season”. The cycle is a complex process controlled by hormonal changes in the dog’s body, and it is wise to be aware of the different stages so that you know how to provide the best care for your dog during each phase! Remember, your dog can get pregnant even in their first ever season so take precautions!
Stage 1: Proestrus (Getting Ready)
This is what most people see as their dog “coming in to season”. In this stage your dog’s vulva will swell, and some bleeding or discharge from the vagina is normal. Estrogen levels rise and you may notice that your dog is more irritable or restless than usual. During this phase the female dog is not fertile. She’ll likely sit when males approach and can be protective of her back end. Males will still be keen to flirt and attract the attention of the female even though she is not yet ready. This stage lasts roughly 9 days and it’s advised to keep your dog separate from intact or interested males to avoid upset!
Stage 2: Estrus (The Fertile Phase)
This stage can be mistaken for your dog “coming out of season”, when really they are at their most fertile! Bleeding will stop and females will become more receptive to other dogs, and may even attempt to escape to look for a mate. Often during these periods dogs are more restless than usual, more vocal, and urine marking more often. Flagging, a behaviour where the female moves her tail to the side to display her vulva, is a clear sign your dog is in estrus. This stage typically lasts for about 9-10 days.
Stage 3: Diestrus (After the Heat)
After estrus comes diestrus. During this phase estrogen drops and progesterone surges. Dogs can have either a covert or overt diestrus. The overt kind being a pseudo or false pregnancy. If the behaviour of your dog changes drastically it is always best to talk to your vet. During this stage your female dog will no longer be receptive to other dogs, and is likely able to start mixing again.
Stage 4: Anestrus (The Nothing Phase)
This stage is the period of time between seasons when your dog’s hormones are at their normal baseline level. This can last anywhere from 6 months to a year. If you’re planning to spay, this is generally advised to be the best stage to do it in.
Of course every dog is different, and the length and intensity of each stage can vary greatly between dogs. Always consult a veterinarian if you are concerned about your dog’s seasons or hormonal changes
With thanks to Sara McLoudrey CDBC, CPDT-KSA for the fascinating talk I had the pleasure of attending!
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